The parathyroid glands function within the endocrine system to promote blood calcium homeostasis through controlled release of parathyroid hormone (PTH). This process involves the synthesis and secretion of PTH by activated parathyroid chief cells during conditions of hypocalcemia. With the anatomical proximity to the thyroid and capacity of associated neoplasms of the parathyroid to mimic thyroid tumors, challenges can arise in distinguishing between these types of abnormalities. In cases where there is uncertainty about a tumor being of parathyroid origin, immunohistochemical evaluation using anti-PTH can be of value.